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1.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 47(4): 941-948, Oct.-Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-828200

ABSTRACT

Abstract In this study, physiological aspects of Lactobacillus plantarum BL011 growing in a new, all-animal free medium in bioreactors were evaluated aiming at the production of this important lactic acid bacterium. Cultivations were performed in submerged batch bioreactors using the Plackett-Burman methodology to evaluate the influence of temperature, aeration rate and stirring speed as well as the concentrations of liquid acid protein residue of soybean, soy peptone, corn steep liquor, and raw yeast extract. The results showed that all variables, except for corn steep liquor, significantly influenced biomass production. The best condition was applied to bioreactor cultures, which produced a maximal biomass of 17.87 g L-1, whereas lactic acid, the most important lactic acid bacteria metabolite, peaked at 37.59 g L-1, corresponding to a productivity of 1.46 g L-1 h-1. This is the first report on the use of liquid acid protein residue of soybean medium for L. plantarum growth. These results support the industrial use of this system as an alternative to produce probiotics without animal-derived ingredients to obtain high biomass concentrations in batch bioreactors.


Subject(s)
Soybean Proteins , Culture Media , Lactobacillus plantarum/growth & development , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolism , Biomass , Lactic Acid/biosynthesis , Soybean Proteins/metabolism , Soybean Proteins/chemistry , Bioreactors , Culture Media/chemistry , Carbohydrate Metabolism , Fermentation , Hydrolysis
2.
Rev. nutr ; 24(1): 161-172, jan.-fev. 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-588217

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the effects of soy protein containing isoflavones on the lipid profile of women. A meta-analysis including 13 eligible randomized controlled trials was carried out. The literature was systematically searched for randomized controlled trials on the effects of soy protein containing isoflavones on the serum lipids of adult women. The main searched databases were PubMed, Cochrane Library, MedLine, Lilacs and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trials were included if they met the following criteria: published from 1966 to 2005, the study population consisted of women only, had either a crossover or a parallel design and the amounts of soy protein and isoflavones consumed were provided. Weighted mean effect sizes were calculated for net changes in serum lipid concentrations using fixed-effects and random-effects models. Prespecified subgroup analyses were performed to explore the influence of covariates on net lipid change. Soy protein with isoflavones was associated with a significant decrease in total serum cholesterol (by 5.34mg/dL, or 2.4 percent, p=0.03). No significant associations were detected for low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triacylglycerols and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Amounts of soy protein greater than 40g decreased total cholesterol by 6.56mg/dL (95 percent CI: -12.35 to -0.39, p=0.04). Soy protein supplementation had small statistically significant effects on the total serum cholesterol of women, but they were clinically insignificant. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant effects on serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol or triglycerides.


Avaliar o efeito da proteína de soja isolada contendo isoflavonas sobre os níveis de lipídeos séricos em mulheres adultas através de uma metanálise. Realizou-se uma busca sistemática de artigos nos bancos de dados Cochrane Library, MedLine e Web of Science databases. Foram selecionados somente ensaios clínicos randomizados que apresentavam os seguintes critérios: desenho do estudo paralelo ou crossover, publicados entre 1966 e 2005, sujeitos do sexo feminino, especificação da quantidade administrada de proteína de soja isolada contendo isoflavonas. Após criteriosa seleção e análise da qualidade dos estudos, conduziu-se uma metanálise incluindo 13 ensaios clínicos randomizados. O efeito do consumo de proteína de soja isolada sobre os níveis de lipídeos séricos foi calculado utilizando-se os modelos de efeito fixo e efeitos aleatórios. Realizou-se análise em subgrupos para avaliar a influência de covariáveis sobre alterações dos níveis de lipídeos sanguíneos. A metanálise mostrou que o consumo de proteína de soja isolada está associado à diminuição do colesterol-total (-5,34mg/dL, ou 2.4 por cento, p=0,03). Não se encontraram alterações significativas ao avaliar o lipoproteina de baixa densidade-colesterol, os triglicerídeos e o lipoproteina de alta densidade-colesterol. O consumo de proteína de soja isolada, em quantidades maiores ou iguais a 40g/dia, reduziu os níveis de colesterol-total em 6,56mg/dl (95 por cento IC: -12,35 a 0,39, p=0,04). Os achados sugerem efeitos estatisticamente significativos de pequena magnitude sobre os níveis de lipídeos séricos em mulheres, mas clinicamente insignificativos. Além disso, não foram encontrados efeitos estatisticamente significativos sobre a concentração sérica de lipoproteina de baixa densidade-colesterol, lipoproteina de alta densidade-colesterol ou triglicerídios.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Anticholesteremic Agents/analysis , Soybean Proteins/metabolism , Soybean Proteins/therapeutic use
3.
São Paulo; s.n; 8 ago. 2008. 140 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-503995

ABSTRACT

Embora a soja em grão seja pouco consumida pela população brasileira, seus derivados protéicos são utilizados como ingredientes em diversos alimentos e a tendência é um aumento significativo do seu uso com a aprovação pela FDA e pela ANVISA da alegação funcional referente ao consumo de proteína de soja. Em paralelo, um número crescente de pesquisas sobre as isoflavonas, fitoestrógenos presentes em quantidades significativas na soja, vem demonstrando diversos efeitos benéficos destes compostos, entre os quais a sua ação antioxidante, anticarcinogênica e hipocolesterolêmica. O objetivo foi estudar as interações entre isoflavonas e proteínas da soja, seu efeito na biodisponibilidade in vitro e in vivo e o status antioxidante das isoflavonas. Os resultados sugerem que a presença da proteína reduz a quantidade e leva a um retardo no tempo de absorção das isoflavonas em relação à administração na forma livre. O efeito sobre a capacidade antioxidante do plasma e sobre a atividade e expressão gênica das enzimas CAT, GPx e SOD divergiu para a suplementação de isoflavonas ou proteínas separadamente ou em associação...


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/genetics , Phytoestrogens/analysis , Phytoestrogens/metabolism , In Vitro Techniques , Isoflavones/analysis , Isoflavones/metabolism , Soybean Proteins/analysis , Soybean Proteins/metabolism , Biological Availability , Chromatography, Ion Exchange/methods , Chromatography, Ion Exchange , Spectrophotometry/methods , Spectrophotometry
4.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : 293-301, 2002.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-148810

ABSTRACT

Lectins are glycoproteins that specifically bind carbohydrate structures and may participate in the biodefense mechanisms of fish. In this study, the binding of three lectins, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), Bandeiraea simplicifolia BS-1 (isolectin B4), Triticum vulgaris (WGA), Arachis hypogaea (PNA) and Ulex europaeus (UEA-I) were studied in the gill, liver, intestine, kidney, heart, and spleen of the flat fish Paralichthys olivaceus. DBA was detected in intestinal mucous cells, as well as in gill epithelial and mucous cells. It was weakly detected in renal tubule epithelial cells and in bile duct epithelial cells. The strong SBA staining was seen in the intestinal club cells, in bile duct epithelial cells and renal tubule epithelial cells. There were intense positive reactions for isolectin B4 in gill epithelial and mucous cells, and the strong isolectin B4 staining was seen in epithelial cells of the bile duct and intestine. The strong WGA staining was seen in the gill mucosal cells, sinusoid, renal tubule epithelial cells and mucosal cells of the intestine. UEA-I was detected in the gill epithelial and mucosal cells, bile duct epithelial cells and renal tubular epithelial cells. These results suggest that the six lectins examined were localized in the covering epithelia of the various organs of the flat fish and they may participate in the biodefense mechanism of the intra body surface in which is exposed to various antigens.


Subject(s)
Animals , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Flatfishes/metabolism , Histocytochemistry/veterinary , Lectins/metabolism , Mucus/metabolism , Peanut Agglutinin/metabolism , Plant Lectins/metabolism , Soybean Proteins/metabolism , Wheat Germ Agglutinins/metabolism
5.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 51(3): 293-302, sep. 2001.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-333624

ABSTRACT

The effect of the addition of vitamins and soy protein on the quality characteristics of nixtamal tortillas (TN) and the losses of nutrients during the nixtamalization process were evaluated. Vitamins (0.15 as is) and defatted soy (4 as is) were added to the tortillas without affecting their sensory characteristics. Higher values of those nutrients had a negative effect on the color and flavor of the product. During the production of the tortilla the corn lost approximately 1.5 of proteins. The nixtamal tortilla fortified with 4 of defatted soy (TNS) showed 3 higher protein content than the TN. The calcium content in the samples was 7.7, 114 and 212.5 mg/100 g for the corn, the TN and the TNS respectively. In the process of producing the nixtamal tortillas from corn 28.9 of the niacin, 46.3 of the folic acid, 36.3 of the thiamin and 80 of the riboflavin were lost. During the washing and rinsing of the nixtamal there were losses of 18.2 of the thiamin, 16.6 of the riboflavin and 20.7 of the folic acid. Although the niacin showed a 28.9 loss, the alkaline process caused an important release of that vitamin. The losses during the cooking of the tortillas were high especially for riboflavin which showed a total loss of 80 in comparison with the original corn. Of the total, 63 was lost during cooking and 16.6 was lost during washing of the nixtamal.


Subject(s)
Food, Fortified , Food Handling/methods , Zea mays , Soybeans/chemistry , Soybeans/metabolism , Flour , Hot Temperature , Minerals , Nutritive Value , Soybean Proteins/analysis , Soybean Proteins/metabolism , Dietary Proteins/analysis , Dietary Proteins/metabolism , Quality Control , Vitamins , Zea mays
6.
Rev. bras. nutr. clín ; 15(2): 330-40, abr.-jun. 2000. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-269044

ABSTRACT

Apesar de apresentar excelente valor nutritivo, a soja não é amplamente aceita no Brasil devido ao seu sabor característico. Através do processamento doméstico ou industrial, pode-se melhorar algumas características de qualidade da soja. Entretanto, através do melhoramento genético, pode-se obter cultivares que permitem usos diretos ou processamentos tecnológicos mais econômicos. Para o desenvolvimento de cultivares de soja com sabor superior, são consideradas características como ausência de lipoxigenases (enzimas responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento do sabor desagradável em produtos de soja) e teores diferenciados de açúcares (sacarose e amido), os quais conferem sabor mais adocicado aos grãos de soja. Alto teor de proteína e ausência de inibidor de tripsina e de outros fatores antinutricionais, tais como lectinas e fitatos, devem também ser considerados na obtenção de alimentos nutricionalmente superiores, como também de rações animais de alta qualidade. Um programa de melhoramento com estes objetivos pode viabilizar o aumento do consumo interno, ampliando as alternativas de mercado doméstico de exportação para produtores e processadores.


Subject(s)
Humans , Crop Production , Soybeans/genetics , Eating , Crops, Agricultural , Brazil , Soybeans/chemistry , Food Quality , Soybean Proteins/metabolism , Taste/physiology
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